Keibul Lamjao National Park - Gallery

Maps. Click here for viewing on Google Maps.

Entry point.

Evening view.

Observatory.

Probably guest house.

Boats

The floating park

A couple of Sangai antelopes

Keibul Lamjao National Park: The Floating Wonder of Manipur

Keibul Lamjao National Park, located in the Bishnupur district of Manipur, India, stands as a unique natural marvel. What sets this park apart from any other in the world is its floating habitat, comprising a vast expanse of phumdis. These heterogeneous mass of vegetation, soil, and organic matter at various stages of decomposition are a rare sight, making Keibul Lamjao not just a national park but a floating treasure trove of biodiversity.

Geographical and Ecological Significance

The park is part of the Loktak Lake, the largest freshwater lake in northeastern India, covering an area of 40 square kilometers. The phumdis, floating islands that can be as thick as several feet, create a unique habitat. This extraordinary phenomenon has earned Keibul Lamjao the title of the world's only floating national park.

The park's ecosystem is a delicate interplay of aquatic and terrestrial life. The phumdis are formed due to the accumulation of biomass, which decomposes slowly over time, creating a floating substrate. This dynamic system supports a variety of life forms, both flora and fauna, that have adapted to this unique environment. The Loktak Lake and the park are interdependent; the lake provides the necessary water and nutrients, while the phumdis offer shelter and food for the wildlife.

Fauna: The Sangai and Beyond

Keibul Lamjao National Park is most famous for being the last natural refuge of the endangered Sangai deer (Rucervus eldii eldii), also known as the Manipur brow-antlered deer. The Sangai is not just a symbol of Manipur's natural heritage but also holds cultural significance for the people of the state. The deer, with its distinctive antlers that appear to form a crown, is intricately tied to the identity and folklore of the region.

The Sangai's adaptation to the phumdi ecosystem is a marvel of nature. These deer move cautiously on the floating vegetation, which often sways under their weight. The conservation of Sangai has been the primary focus, but the park is also home to a variety of other species. These include hog deer, Indian civet, wild boar, and a rich diversity of avifauna such as the black kite, eastern skylark, and Burmese pied myna. The park's wetlands also support numerous fish species, amphibians, and reptiles, contributing to its ecological diversity.

Flora: A Unique Assemblage

The flora of Keibul Lamjao is as unique as its fauna. The phumdis are primarily composed of decomposing plant material, which supports a variety of vegetation. The predominant vegetation includes grasses like Saccharum munja, Alpinia nigra, and species of Zizania. These grasses provide food and habitat for the herbivores, including the Sangai. Aquatic plants such as water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and water lily (Nymphaea spp.) are also common in the park, contributing to the overall biomass of the phumdis.

Conservation Efforts and Challenges

Keibul Lamjao faces numerous conservation challenges, primarily due to human activities and environmental changes. The Loktak Hydroelectric Project, which involves the construction of a dam, has significantly altered the hydrology of the lake, affecting the natural balance of the phumdis. Water pollution from agricultural runoff and domestic waste also poses a threat to the delicate ecosystem.

To counter these challenges, the Government of Manipur, along with various conservation organizations, has undertaken several initiatives. The Sangai Festival, held annually, aims to raise awareness about the importance of conserving the park and its unique inhabitants. Additionally, efforts are being made to control the proliferation of invasive species such as water hyacinth, which threatens to disrupt the natural habitat of the park.

Conservation programs also focus on community involvement, recognizing that the local population plays a crucial role in the sustainable management of the park. Eco-tourism is being promoted as a means to generate income for local communities while fostering a sense of stewardship towards the environment. 

Cultural and Economic Importance

Keibul Lamjao is not only a sanctuary for wildlife but also a cultural icon for the people of Manipur. The Sangai, in particular, holds a special place in Manipuri folklore and is often depicted in local art and dance forms. The park's existence and its unique ecosystem have shaped the lives of the local communities who depend on Loktak Lake for their livelihood.

Fishing is a major economic activity in the region, with many locals relying on the lake's rich fish resources. The phumdis themselves are used by fishermen to create temporary shelters and fishing platforms. This traditional way of life, however, must be balanced with the need to conserve the fragile ecosystem of the park.

Eco-Tourism and Future Prospects

Keibul Lamjao National Park has the potential to become a major eco-tourism destination, drawing visitors not only for its unique floating habitat but also for the opportunity to witness the Sangai in its natural environment. Eco-tourism initiatives are being developed to provide sustainable income for local communities while ensuring minimal impact on the environment. These initiatives include guided tours, bird watching, and educational programs about the park's ecology and conservation efforts.

The future of Keibul Lamjao depends on the continued efforts to balance conservation with sustainable development. Addressing the environmental challenges, such as water pollution and habitat degradation, requires a multifaceted approach involving government action, scientific research, and community participation. 

Conclusion

Keibul Lamjao National Park is a testament to the incredible diversity and resilience of nature. Its floating islands, rich biodiversity, and the iconic Sangai deer make it a natural wonder worth preserving. The park's unique ecosystem highlights the intricate connections between land and water, flora and fauna, and humans and nature. As conservation efforts continue to evolve, Keibul Lamjao stands as a beacon of hope and a reminder of the delicate balance that sustains our natural world. By fostering a deeper understanding and appreciation of this unique habitat, we can ensure that it remains a vibrant and vital part of Manipur's heritage for generations to come.

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