Benita Laishram: The Rising Star of Manipuri Folk Music

 "Benita Laishram is a gifted folk artist from Manipur, known for her exceptional singing, dancing, and acting skills. Through her artistry, she has become a prominent figure in showcasing the rich cultural heritage of her home state to both national and international audiences."

 

A Trailblazer in Manipuri Folk Music

In March 2024, Benita achieved a significant milestone by becoming the first Manipuri folk singer to participate in Bharat Ka Amrit Kalash, India's premier folk song competition. Organized by Doordarshan Kendra and supported by the Ministry of Arts and Culture, this event celebrated India's diverse musical traditions. Benita’s mesmerizing performances, blending traditional Meitei music and dance, captured the hearts of audiences across the country. Despite the challenges of ongoing conflicts in Manipur, she remained committed to her mission of preserving and promoting the cultural legacy of her homeland.

A Passion for Music from an Early Age

Benita’s journey into the world of music began in her childhood. She received her initial training in Manipuri sankirtan songs under her first mentor, Senjam Shila, while she was still in the seventh grade. Her passion for the performing arts led her to pursue a diploma at the Jawaharlal Nehru Manipur Dance Academy. Currently, she is furthering her expertise by pursuing a master’s degree in dance at Manipur University. Her dedication to traditional folk music and dance has been unwavering, even as she navigates the challenges faced by artists from conflict-ridden regions.

Taking Manipuri Folk Music to the Global Stage

Benita’s influence extends beyond India. In January 2025, she was invited to perform at the India Pavilion during the Global Village event in Dubai. Running from October 2024 to May 2025, this international event celebrates India’s cultural diversity, providing a platform for artists like Benita to share their heritage with a global audience. Her soulful renditions of Manipuri folk songs introduced people from different backgrounds to the unique musical traditions of Manipur.

 

A Torchbearer of Manipuri Tradition

Benita Laishram has become a cultural icon, earning admiration and recognition for her contributions to Manipuri folk music. Her journey from a passionate young artist to an internationally recognized performer is a testament to her resilience, talent, and deep love for her heritage. As she continues to break barriers and bring the beauty of Manipuri folk traditions to the world, Benita remains an inspiration for aspiring artists and a proud representative of Manipur’s rich artistic legacy.

Left: Eningthou Sanajaoba Leishemba. Right: Manipuri folk singer Benita Laishram

Mangka Mayanglambam: The Voice of Manipuri Folk Music

Mangka Mayanglambam

Mangka Mayanglambam is one of the most celebrated folk artists from Manipur, known for her dedication to preserving and promoting the traditional music of her homeland. With her enchanting voice and deep understanding of Manipuri culture, she has become a global ambassador for the region’s rich musical heritage.

A Young Talent with Deep Cultural Roots

Born into a family of artists, Mangka was exposed to traditional Manipuri music from an early age. She trained under the guidance of her father, Mayanglambam Mangangsana, who is a renowned pena (a traditional Manipuri string instrument) player and a significant figure in Manipuri folk music. Inspired by her cultural roots, Mangka embraced folk singing and performance as a way to keep the traditions of Manipur alive.

Her unique ability to blend the ancient khunung eshei (traditional folk songs) with contemporary elements has helped her connect with both older generations who cherish their cultural past and younger audiences eager to explore their heritage in a modern way.

Rising to National and International Fame

Mangka’s soulful and powerful voice quickly earned her recognition across India and beyond. She became widely known through her performances in major national festivals, folk music competitions, and cultural exchange programs. Her songs, which often carry themes of folklore, history, and the beauty of nature, evoke a deep sense of nostalgia and pride among Manipuris.

Beyond India, she has represented Manipuri folk music at prestigious international events. Whether performing in cultural festivals in Southeast Asia or collaborating with global artists, she has consistently showcased the beauty of Manipuri music to the world.

Modernizing Folk Music While Preserving Tradition

What sets Mangka apart is her ability to fuse traditional Manipuri music with contemporary styles. She has collaborated with various artists and music producers to create innovative sounds that remain true to Manipuri roots while appealing to a wider audience. By incorporating elements of folk, fusion, and world music, she has ensured that traditional Manipuri songs do not fade away in the face of modernization.

Mangka Mayanglambam

She is also a key member of Laihui Ensemble, a cultural group dedicated to reviving and promoting Manipuri folk arts. Through this group, she has worked on numerous projects that aim to keep indigenous music alive and introduce it to younger generations.

A Cultural Icon of Manipur

Mangka Mayanglambam has become an icon in Manipuri music, proving that folk traditions can thrive in the modern world. Her efforts in preserving and popularizing Manipuri folk music have earned her widespread acclaim, inspiring many young artists to reconnect with their cultural roots.

As she continues to perform and promote her heritage, Mangka remains a beacon of Manipuri tradition—a voice that carries the soul of her land to audiences across the globe.

Mangka Mayanglambam

Lourembam Bedabati: A Legend of Manipuri Folk Music

Left: Mangka Mayanglambam. Right: Lourembam Bedabati

Lourembam Bedabati is one of Manipur’s most revered folk singers, known for her melodious voice and deep contributions to the preservation of traditional Manipuri music. With a career spanning over four decades, she has played a crucial role in keeping the rich cultural heritage of Manipur alive for future generations.

A Musical Journey Rooted in Tradition

From a young age, Bedabati was drawn to Manipuri folk music, particularly Khunung Eshei—the traditional folk songs passed down through generations. Her dedication and natural talent led her to train under esteemed mentors, where she mastered the art of classical and folk singing. Over the years, her soulful voice and impeccable technique made her a household name in Manipur.

Bedabati’s music captures the essence of Manipuri life, often touching on themes of love, nature, folklore, and spirituality. Her ability to bring emotion and depth to her performances has made her songs resonate with people across generations.

National and International Recognition

As a leading exponent of Manipuri folk music, Lourembam Bedabati has performed on numerous prestigious platforms in India and abroad. Her participation in cultural festivals, government-sponsored music programs, and folk competitions has helped spread the beauty of Manipuri music beyond the state’s borders.

Her contributions have not gone unnoticed. She has received multiple accolades for her role in promoting folk culture, including the Sangeet Bhusan award. These recognitions stand as a testament to her lifelong dedication to preserving and promoting the traditional musical art forms of Manipur.

A Mentor and Cultural Ambassador

Beyond her performances, Bedabati has dedicated much of her career to mentoring young artists, ensuring that Manipuri folk music continues to flourish. Through her teachings, she has inspired a new generation of musicians who are passionate about carrying forward the legacy of Khunung Eshei and other traditional art forms.

Her work has not only preserved Manipuri music but has also introduced it to audiences unfamiliar with the state’s rich cultural traditions. By bridging the gap between past and present, she has cemented her place as one of Manipur’s most influential folk artists.

A Living Treasure of Manipuri Music

Lourembam Bedabati’s impact on Manipuri folk music is immeasurable. Through her exceptional voice, dedication, and commitment to cultural preservation, she has become a legend in her own right. Her legacy continues to inspire aspiring musicians and folk enthusiasts, ensuring that Manipuri folk traditions remain vibrant for generations to come.

As she continues to share her music and wisdom, Bedabati remains a shining example of how folk music can endure and evolve, keeping the spirit of Manipur alive through song.

Manipur Government Plans to Spend 11 Crores on Building Camps for Insurgents: A Step Towards Peace

In a significant development in Manipur’s political and security landscape, the state government has announced the construction of two designated camps to accommodate 416 cadres of the United National Liberation Front (UNLF). This decision follows the peace agreement signed on November 29, 2023, between the UNLF, the Union Ministry of Home Affairs, and the Manipur government. The move is seen as part of a broader effort to rehabilitate former insurgents and integrate them into mainstream society. However, the plan has sparked tensions among different ethnic communities, particularly the Kuki-Zo tribes, who oppose the location of these camps in their areas.

Background of the UNLF and the Peace Agreement

The United National Liberation Front (UNLF) is Manipur’s oldest Meitei insurgent group, established in 1964 with the objective of securing an independent Manipur. For decades, the group was involved in armed struggles against the Indian government, demanding sovereignty for the Meitei people. However, as the security situation in the Northeast changed and insurgent groups faced increasing pressure from security forces, peace negotiations became a viable alternative.

After years of informal talks, a formal agreement was reached in November 2023, marking a historic moment for peace in the region. Under the pact, UNLF cadres agreed to lay down arms in exchange for rehabilitation, skill development, and reintegration into society. The Indian government, as well as the Manipur state administration, committed to ensuring their safe transition from insurgents to productive citizens.

Details of the Camps and Government Investment

To facilitate the integration of the surrendered militants, the Manipur government has allocated ₹11 crore to build two designated camps. The camps will provide essential facilities such as housing, vocational training, and basic amenities for the UNLF cadres. These initiatives aim to provide them with employment opportunities, ultimately ensuring they do not return to armed rebellion.

Ethnic Tensions and Opposition to the Camps

While the initiative is intended to promote peace, it has sparked strong opposition, particularly from the United Kuki National Army (UKNA) and other Kuki-Zo tribal organizations. They have objected to the government’s decision to establish these camps in Kuki-dominated areas, viewing it as an injustice to their communities, which have suffered violence in the ongoing ethnic conflict between Meiteis and Kukis.

The Kuki-Zo community fears that hosting surrendered Meitei militants could lead to further security risks and heighten ethnic tensions that have already resulted in significant violence and displacement in Manipur. Since May 2023, the state has witnessed clashes between the majority Meitei population and the Kuki-Zo tribes, leading to the deaths of over 200 people and the displacement of thousands.

UKNA has vowed to resist the government's plan, calling it a "threat to Kuki lands" and warning of potential unrest if the authorities proceed without addressing the concerns of the tribal population.

Government’s Justification and Response

The Manipur government has defended its decision, stating that the establishment of these camps is a key part of the peace process and a necessary step towards ending insurgency in the state. Officials argue that:

1. Rehabilitation of ex-militants is crucial for long-term peace – Without structured reintegration, former insurgents could return to armed struggle.
2. The camps will be monitored and regulated – Security measures will be in place to ensure that no criminal or violent activities occur inside the camps.
3. Economic benefits – Training programs will enable former rebels to find jobs and contribute to the state’s economy rather than relying on underground networks for survival.

Despite these assurances, the government faces an uphill task in convincing the Kuki-Zo community and ensuring that the peace process does not create new divisions.

Implications for Manipur’s Future

The decision to build camps for insurgents has wider implications for the political and security stability of Manipur:

1. Will the peace deal hold? – If the government successfully integrates UNLF cadres into civilian life, it could set a precedent for future peace talks with other insurgent groups.
2. Ethnic divisions may deepen – If the Kuki-Zo community continues to feel sidelined, tensions between the Meitei and Kuki populations could escalate further.
3. Security Concerns – The presence of surrendered militants in volatile areas may require continuous surveillance and monitoring to prevent conflicts.

The Manipur government’s decision to build camps for surrendered UNLF insurgents is a bold step towards peace but also a highly controversial one. While it aims to rehabilitate former rebels and reduce insurgency, it risks exacerbating existing ethnic tensions in the state. To ensure success, the government must address the concerns of all communities, maintain strict security measures, and provide a transparent and inclusive rehabilitation process.

Only time will tell whether this initiative ushers in a new era of peace in Manipur.

Timeline of President's rules in Manipur's History

Timeline of President's Rule in Manipur

Manipur

Here is a timeline of President’s Rule in Manipur throughout its history:

1st President’s Rule (1967)

• Duration: 12 January 1967 – 19 March 1967
• Reason: Political instability and failure to form a government.

2nd President’s Rule (1967–1968)

• Duration: 25 October 1967 – 18 February 1968
• Reason: Continued political instability.

3rd President’s Rule (1969–1972)

• Duration: 17 October 1969 – 21 January 1972
• Reason: Law and order issues and administrative challenges.
• Outcome: Manipur attained full statehood on 21 January 1972.

4th President’s Rule (1973–1974)

• Duration: 28 March 1973 – 3 March 1974
• Reason: Political instability and inability to form a stable government.

5th President’s Rule (1977)

• Duration: 16 May 1977 – 28 June 1977
• Reason: Collapse of the government due to defections.

6th President’s Rule (1979–1980)

• Duration: 14 November 1979 – 13 January 1980
• Reason: Political crisis and government instability.

7th President’s Rule (1981)

• Duration: 28 February 1981 – 18 June 1981
• Reason: Political instability leading to the dismissal of the government.

8th President’s Rule (1992)

• Duration: 7 January 1992 – 7 April 1992
• Reason: Political turmoil and failure to maintain a stable government.

9th President’s Rule (1993–1994)

• Duration: 31 December 1993 – 13 December 1994
• Reason: Insurgency and breakdown of law and order.

10th President’s Rule (2001–2002)

• Duration: 2 June 2001 – 6 March 2002
• Reason: Political turmoil and instability in the state government.

11th President’s Rule (2025–Present)

• Duration: 13 February 2025 – Present
• Reason: Escalating ethnic violence between the Meitei and Kuki communities, resulting in over 250 deaths and displacement of thousands. The resignation of Chief Minister N. Biren Singh amid the crisis led to the imposition of direct federal control. As of February 15, 2025, Manipur is under President's Rule for the eleventh time due to ongoing ethnic violence and political instability.

The recent unrest began in May 2023, with clashes between the Meitei and Kuki communities over issues such as economic benefits and land rights. Despite efforts to restore peace, sporadic attacks continued, leading to significant loss of life and property. The situation was further aggravated by the infiltration of militants from Myanmar, bringing advanced weaponry into the region.

In December 2024, Chief Minister N. Biren Singh apologized for the prolonged unrest and expressed hope for a return to normalcy. However, the violence persisted, leading to the federal government's decision to impose President's Rule in February 2025.

What is a President's Rule, and What happens in a President's Rule of India?

 

Manipur, located in North-East India is under President's Rule

What is President's Rule?

President's Rule, also known as State Emergency or Article 356, is a provision in the Indian Constitution that allows the central government to take direct control of a state when its constitutional machinery breaks down. It is imposed by the President of India on the advice of the Union Cabinet.

When is President’s Rule Imposed?

President's Rule can be imposed under Article 356 in the following situations:

1. Breakdown of Constitutional Machinery – If the Governor of the state reports that the government is unable to function according to the Constitution.
2. Failure to Form a Government – If no party or coalition can form a government after elections.
3. Loss of Majority – If the ruling party loses its majority and no alternative government can be formed.
4. Failure to Follow Constitutional Provisions – If the state government acts against the Constitution of India.
5. Disturbances in Law and Order – If there is violence, riots, or internal disturbances that prevent normal governance.

What Happens During President’s Rule?

1. State Government is Dismissed – The Chief Minister and Council of Ministers are removed.
2. Legislative Assembly is Dissolved or Suspended – The state legislature stops functioning.
3. Governor Takes Over – The Governor, appointed by the President, runs the state with the help of advisors or bureaucrats.
4. Parliament Exercises Legislative Powers – The Parliament of India makes laws for the state.
5. Duration – Initially imposed for six months, but can be extended up to three years with Parliament's approval every six months.

How is President’s Rule Revoked?

• It can be revoked anytime by the President if normalcy is restored.
• If a new government is formed in the state, President’s Rule is lifted.
• The Supreme Court and High Courts can review and revoke it if it is misused.

Criticism and Misuse

• Misused for Political Gains – Many times, central governments have imposed President’s Rule to remove opposition-led state governments.
• Weakens Federalism – It reduces the autonomy of states.
• Judicial Safeguards – The Supreme Court (S.R. Bommai Case, 1994) ruled that judicial review is allowed to prevent misuse.

Recent Developments

On February 9, 2025, Chief Minister N. Biren Singh resigned amid mounting pressure from opposition groups and internal allies. His resignation came ahead of a legislative assembly session where a no-confidence motion was anticipated. Following the resignation and the inability to establish a consensus on a successor, the Indian federal government imposed President's Rule on February 13, 2025. As of February 14, 2025, the northeastern Indian state of Manipur is under President's Rule following significant political upheaval and prolonged ethnic violence. The situation remains dynamic, and further developments are anticipated as the central administration implements strategies to resolve the crisis.

Sorokhaibam Bindyarani Devi: Manipur’s Powerlifting Star Breaking Records & Defying Limits

Bindyarani Devi at the 38th National Games in Dehradun secured the gold medal

Bindyarani Devi Sorokhaibam, born on January 27, 1999, in Imphal West, Manipur, has emerged as a prominent figure in Indian weightlifting, particularly in the 55 kg weight category. Her journey from a small village in Manipur to international acclaim is a testament to her dedication and resilience.

Early Life and Transition to Weightlifting

Initially, Bindyarani was engaged in taekwondo from 2008 to 2012. However, due to her shorter stature, she transitioned to weightlifting, a sport where her physique was deemed advantageous. This decision marked the beginning of her illustrious career in weightlifting.

Rise to Prominence

Bindyarani first garnered significant attention by clinching a gold medal at the 2019 Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships. She continued her impressive performance by securing a silver medal at the 2021 Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships. In the same year, she showcased her prowess at the World Weightlifting Championships by winning gold in the clean and jerk segment. 

Commonwealth Games 2022

The 2022 Commonwealth Games in Birmingham marked a significant milestone in Bindyarani's career. Competing in the women's 55kg category, she lifted a total of 202 kg, comprising 86 kg in snatch and a record-breaking 116 kg in clean and jerk. This performance not only earned her a silver medal but also set a new Commonwealth Games record in the clean and jerk segment.

Bindyarani Devi at 2022 Commonwealth Games in Birmingham

Recent Achievements

In 2024, Bindyarani continued her medal-winning streak by securing a bronze medal at the IWF World Cup in Phuket, Thailand. Competing in the non-Olympic women's 55kg category, she achieved a total lift of 196 kg, with 83 kg in snatch and 113 kg in clean and jerk. Additionally, she earned a silver medal in the clean and jerk segment of the competition. 

In January 2025, at the 38th National Games in Dehradun, Bindyarani set a new national record in the snatch event of the women's 55kg category by lifting 88 kg, surpassing the previous record held by Mirabai Chanu. She continued her dominance in the clean and jerk segment, lifting 113 kg, and secured the gold medal with a total lift of 201 kg.

Challenges Amidst Adversity

Despite her international commitments, Bindyarani remains deeply connected to her roots in Manipur. During the Asian Championships in May 2023, she faced personal challenges due to unrest in her home state. Communication disruptions prevented her from contacting her family, adding emotional strain during the competition. Nevertheless, she showcased remarkable resilience by securing a silver medal in the women's 55kg category with a total lift of 194 kg. 

Bindyarani Devi's journey from a village in Manipur to the international weightlifting arena exemplifies determination, hard work, and an unwavering commitment to excellence. Her achievements have not only brought pride to her home state but have also significantly contributed to India's stature in the global weightlifting community.

Use of Smuggled Starlink Devices in Manipur: A Growing Security Concern

Starlink Constellation of Satellites in the sky

Manipur, a northeastern state of India, has been experiencing prolonged ethnic violence, political instability, and security challenges. Amid the ongoing conflict between the Meitei and Kuki-Zo communities, reports have surfaced that smuggled Starlink satellite internet devices are being used by militant groups to bypass government-imposed internet shutdowns. This development has raised concerns over national security, digital surveillance, and the role of advanced technology in aiding insurgent activities.

Background: Internet Shutdowns in Manipur

Since May 2023, the government of Manipur has frequently imposed internet shutdowns to curb the spread of misinformation, prevent the coordination of violent activities, and maintain law and order. While these restrictions aimed to control unrest, they also severely impacted civilian communication, businesses, and access to essential services. However, despite these stringent measures, insurgent groups have managed to stay connected using alternative means.

Smuggling of Starlink Devices

Starlink, a satellite-based internet service operated by SpaceX, provides high-speed internet access even in remote and conflict-ridden areas. Although Starlink is not officially available in India, reports suggest that these devices have been smuggled in from Myanmar, where the service is legally operational. Militants and other groups in Manipur have allegedly acquired these devices through black-market networks, enabling them to bypass the government’s internet shutdowns.

Starlink Antenna

Starlink Device being smuggled - illustration purpose only.

The smuggling process involves several illicit networks operating along the India-Myanmar border. Given the porous nature of this border, traffickers and insurgents exploit hidden routes to transport Starlink terminals and accessories into Manipur. These devices are reportedly sourced from regions in Myanmar where Starlink is widely used, often through underground traders who operate within insurgent-controlled areas. Additionally, some reports suggest that intermediaries, including local sympathizers and tech-savvy operatives, play a crucial role in setting up and distributing the equipment. These networks employ clandestine methods, such as using unregistered vehicles, disguising equipment within legal shipments, and leveraging corrupt border officials to facilitate their movement.

Authorities believe that the demand for these devices has increased, with militants willing to pay a premium for uninterrupted and undetectable internet access. The illegal distribution of Starlink kits has made it difficult for security forces to track insurgent communications, further complicating efforts to maintain control over the region’s security situation.

How Starlink is Being Used

The use of Starlink devices by insurgents has significantly altered the digital communication landscape in Manipur. Some key applications of these devices include:

• Encrypted Communications: Militant groups are reportedly using Starlink to establish secure, encrypted communication channels, making it difficult for security forces to intercept their conversations.
• Coordination of Attacks: By leveraging uninterrupted internet access, insurgent groups can effectively plan and execute coordinated attacks across different locations.
• Dissemination of Propaganda: Social media and online platforms have been used to spread information, mobilize supporters, and influence public perception.
• Avoidance of Surveillance: Traditional internet connections can be monitored by government agencies, but satellite-based networks operate independently, making tracking efforts more complex.

Security and Legal Implications

The use of smuggled Starlink devices in Manipur poses several critical challenges for national security and law enforcement agencies:

1. Evasion of Government Control: Internet shutdowns are rendered ineffective if groups can access independent satellite networks.
2. Increased Militancy Threat: Advanced communication tools give insurgent factions a tactical edge over security forces.
3. Cybersecurity Risks: The inability to monitor digital activity in insurgent-controlled areas could lead to data breaches and other cyber threats.
4. Violation of Indian Telecommunications Laws: The unauthorized import and use of foreign satellite communication devices violate existing regulations.

Government Response

The Indian government is reportedly considering multiple countermeasures to address this issue:

• Legalizing and Regulating Starlink: One approach being discussed is permitting Starlink to operate legally in India under strict regulatory supervision.
• Crackdown on Smuggling Networks: Authorities are intensifying border security and surveillance to prevent the illegal import of satellite internet devices.
• Technological Countermeasures: Efforts are being made to develop technology that can detect and disrupt unauthorized satellite communications.

The smuggling and use of Starlink devices in Manipur highlight the growing intersection of technology and security threats in conflict zones. While satellite internet offers significant benefits in terms of connectivity, its misuse by insurgent groups poses a serious challenge for law enforcement. The Indian government must balance technological advancements with national security concerns, ensuring that such innovations do not fall into the wrong hands. Addressing this issue will require a combination of policy changes, stricter enforcement, and strategic technological interventions.

Ishanou, The Manipuri Film: A Spiritual Odyssey into Manipuri Mysticism and Identity

 

Source: Film Heritage Foundation

"Ishanou" (The Chosen One) is a 1990 Manipuri film directed by Aribam Syam Sharma and written by M.K. Binodini Devi. The film stars Anoubam Kiranmala as Tampha and Kangabam Tomba as her husband, Dhanabir. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1991 Cannes Film Festival and was recognized as a "World Classic" at the Cannes Film Festival in 2023. 

Plot Summary

Set in the serene Manipur valley, "Ishanou" follows the life of Tampha, a young woman leading a contented life with her husband and daughter. Her tranquil existence takes a turn when she begins exhibiting unusual behavior—speaking to flowers, experiencing dizzy spells, and wandering at night. After seeking medical help to no avail, her family realizes that Tampha is responding to a spiritual calling. She eventually leaves her family to join the Maibi sect, a group of priestesses integral to the region's religious rituals. 

Cultural Significance

The film offers an intimate portrayal of the Maibi culture, delving into the rituals and spiritual practices of this matriarchal sect. Through Tampha's journey, viewers gain insight into the Lai-Haraoba festival, an annual event where the Maibis perform dances and songs to appease deities. The narrative juxtaposes the spiritual world of the Maibis with the everyday life of Manipuri society, highlighting the coexistence of the mystical and the mundane. 

Restoration and Recognition

In 2023, "Ishanou" was meticulously restored by the Film Heritage Foundation in collaboration with director Aribam Syam Sharma and the Manipur State Film Development Society. The restoration process involved repairing the original 16 mm camera negative and addressing challenges like graininess and sound quality. The restored version premiered at the Cannes Film Festival's Classics section, reaffirming the film's enduring significance. 

Critical Reception

Critics have lauded "Ishanou" for its honest storytelling and cultural depth. Derek Malcolm of The Guardian praised it as "perhaps the best film in the panorama, largely because it tells a good story with great honesty and lack of guile." David Stratton, writing for Variety, described it as "one of the best Indian films of the past year," noting its potential appeal on the international film circuit. 

Conclusion

"Ishanou" stands as a poignant exploration of personal transformation and cultural identity. Its rich depiction of Manipuri traditions, combined with universal themes of duty and self-discovery, makes it a compelling watch for audiences worldwide.

References:
wikipedia, imdb, filmheritagefoundation

Eikhoigi Imphal International Film Festival (EIIFF): A Celebration of Cinema in Manipur

Eikhoigi Imphal International Film Festival (EIIFF), 2025.

Imphal, the heart of Manipur, has become a thriving hub for cinematic excellence with the Eikhoigi Imphal International Film Festival (EIIFF). This prestigious annual event brings together filmmakers, cinephiles, and storytellers from across the world, celebrating the power of cinema as a medium for cultural expression, artistic innovation, and social change.

A Platform for Global and Local Cinema

The festival aims to position Manipur as an epicenter for independent filmmaking while providing a platform for both local and international filmmakers to showcase their work. With an impressive lineup of films spanning multiple genres, the event highlights the creativity and diversity of cinema.

The second edition of the festival commenced on February 6, 2025, at the City Convention Centre in Imphal. The 2025 edition of EIIFF, is a four-day celebration featuring 54 films from nine different countries, including 38 international titles. Organized by the Manipur State Film Development Society (MSFDS) and the Manipur State Film & Television Institute (MSF&TI), the festival has set new benchmarks in film appreciation and cinematic discourse in Northeast India.

Screenings Across Multiple Venues

The festival takes place across four key venues in Imphal:

• Manipur State Film Development Society

• Chandrakriti Auditorium

• Tanthapolis

• Kumecs Cinema

Each location hosts screenings of award-winning films, panel discussions, and interactive sessions with filmmakers, ensuring a vibrant and engaging experience for audiences.

Opening with a Classic

EIIFF 2025 opened with the screening of the restored version of "Ishanou", a celebrated Manipuri film directed by the legendary Aribam Syam Sharma. This masterpiece, recognized globally for its cultural significance, set the perfect tone for a festival dedicated to artistic brilliance and cinematic storytelling.

Competitions and Special Sections

The festival is divided into competitive and non-competitive categories, with two major competition sections:

• Fiction: Featuring 11 films, including seven international entries and four Indian productions.

• Non-Fiction: Showcasing thought-provoking documentaries and experimental films.

Special screenings, retrospectives, and discussions with industry veterans add to the depth of the festival’s programming.

A Ray of Hope Amidst Unrest

Despite the challenges faced by Manipur in recent times due to socio-political unrest, the Eikhoigi Imphal International Film Festival stands as a beacon of unity and resilience. It provides a much-needed space for dialogue, artistic exchange, and cultural pride. By promoting indigenous narratives and independent voices, the festival reinforces the importance of cinema as a tool for storytelling, representation, and peacebuilding.

Looking Forward

As the festival continues to grow in stature, it aspires to become one of the leading international film festivals in Northeast India. With its unwavering commitment to nurturing talent and fostering cinematic discourse, EIIFF is set to redefine Manipur’s role in the global film landscape.

For cinephiles, filmmakers, and culture enthusiasts, the Eikhoigi Imphal International Film Festival is more than just a film showcase—it is a movement that brings the world to Manipur and takes Manipur to the world.

For a glimpse into the festival's activities, you can watch highlights from Day 3 of the EIIFF 2025:

Ajay Kumar Bhalla - 20th Governor of Manipur

Ajay Kumar Bhalla

     Ajay Kumar Bhalla, born on November 26, 1960, in Jalandhar, Punjab, is a distinguished Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer from the 1984 batch of the Assam-Meghalaya cadre. He holds a Master of Science in Botany from the University of Delhi, an MBA from the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, and an M.Phil. in Social Sciences from Punjab University.

Throughout his career, Bhalla has held several significant positions in the Indian government:

• Union Home Secretary: He served as the Union Home Secretary from August 23, 2019, to August 22, 2024.

• Secretary, Ministry of Power: From June 2017 to July 2019, Bhalla was the Secretary of the Ministry of Power, Government of India.

• Director General of Foreign Trade: He held the position of Director General of Foreign Trade from October 2016 to June 2017, with additional charge as Director of the Indian Institute of Foreign Trade (IIFT).

• Additional Secretary, Department of Commerce: Bhalla served as Additional Secretary in the Department of Commerce from April 2015.

• Joint Secretary, Ministry of Coal: He worked as Joint Secretary in the Ministry of Coal from July 2010 and was promoted to Additional Secretary in January 2015.

• Director (Ports), Department of Shipping: Between May 2002 and May 2007, Bhalla served as Director (Ports) and later as Joint Secretary (Ports) in the Department of Shipping, overseeing port operations and human resource development matters of major ports in India.

    On January 3, 2025, Ajay Kumar Bhalla was sworn in as the 20th Governor of Manipur, succeeding Lakshman Prasad Acharya.

    Bhalla's extensive experience in various administrative roles has been instrumental in shaping policies and managing key sectors within the Indian government.

Misuse of the Scheduled Tribe Privileges in India and their National Disadvantages

                             >>Click here to read about:
                                        List of Privileges Enjoyed by Scheduled Tribes (STs) in India

    The privileges provided to Scheduled Tribes (STs) are crucial for addressing historical injustices and promoting socio-economic equity. However, like any system, these benefits can be subject to misuse or lead to unintended consequences. Below is an analysis of potential misuses and disadvantages of these privileges:

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Misuse of Privileges by Scheduled Tribes

1. False Claims of ST Status:

   • Some individuals and communities obtain fake ST certificates to wrongfully avail benefits like reservations in jobs, education, and political representation.
   • This deprives genuine ST members of opportunities.

2. Inequitable Distribution of Benefits:

   • Privileges are sometimes disproportionately utilized by economically and socially well-off members of the ST community (the "creamy layer").
   • Marginalized members within the ST category may remain underprivileged.

3. Reservation Overdependence:

   • Over-reliance on reservation benefits in education and jobs can discourage skill development, entrepreneurship, or competitive participation.

4. Exploitation of Legal Protections:

   • Legal safeguards under acts like the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989, are occasionally misused to settle personal scores or harass others with false cases.

5. Corruption in Implementation:

   • Mismanagement and corruption in schemes aimed at ST welfare often result in funds being misappropriated, reducing the intended impact.

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Disadvantages of Privileges to the Nation

1. Social Fragmentation:

   • Prolonged use of reservations has sometimes deepened identity politics, leading to divisions and tensions between communities.
   • Perceived favoritism toward STs can fuel resentment among non-STs.

2. Dilution of Meritocracy:

   • Reservation systems in education and jobs can sometimes lead to the selection of less-qualified candidates over more competent ones, impacting efficiency and productivity.

3. Economic Strain:

   • Large-scale financial allocations to tribal welfare programs can strain the national budget, especially when resources are mismanaged or diverted.

4. Slower Exit from Reservations:

   • Despite decades of privileges, there’s limited evidence of significant improvement in some tribal communities due to structural inefficiencies, perpetuating reliance on government aid.

5. Challenges in Policy Revision:

   • The absence of a defined timeline or periodic review for phasing out reservations creates difficulties in ensuring that these benefits are targeted effectively and remain relevant.

6. Encouragement of a Sense of Entitlement:

   • Extended privileges without proper checks can create a culture of entitlement, undermining the motivation to compete on an equal footing.

7. Reduced Focus on Root Causes:

   • Emphasis on reservations often diverts attention from addressing underlying issues like improving infrastructure, healthcare, and primary education in tribal areas.

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Suggestions for Mitigating Misuse and Addressing Disadvantages

1. Periodic Review of Policies:

   • Conduct regular audits of reservation policies to ensure they are benefiting the truly needy.

2. Implement a Creamy Layer Concept:

   • Exclude economically well-off individuals within the ST category from reservation benefits.

3. Strengthen Governance and Monitoring:

   • Improve oversight of welfare schemes to minimize corruption and ensure resources reach the intended beneficiaries.

4. Promote Self-Reliance:

   • Focus on skill development and entrepreneurship initiatives for STs, reducing dependence on reservations.

5. Time-Bound Reservation Policies:

   • Define specific milestones for phasing out reservation benefits while ensuring genuine beneficiaries are uplifted.

6. Address Regional Disparities:

   • Ensure equitable distribution of benefits across all tribal regions, focusing on the most backward areas.

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Conclusion

    While the privileges provided to Scheduled Tribes have been instrumental in addressing systemic inequalities, misuse and inefficiencies in implementation can hinder their effectiveness and lead to broader social and economic challenges. A balanced approach that ensures accountability, inclusivity, and a focus on self-reliance is essential for maximizing the positive impact of these measures.

List of Privileges Enjoyed by Scheduled Tribes (STs) in India

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                            Misuse of the Scheduled Tribe Privileges in India and their National Disadvantages

    Scheduled Tribes (STs) in India enjoy several privileges and benefits aimed at their socio-economic upliftment, preservation of cultural heritage, and overall inclusion in the mainstream. Here’s a detailed list in points:

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1. Constitutional Safeguards

• Reservation in Legislatures:

  • Seats are reserved for STs in the Lok Sabha (Parliament) and State Legislative Assemblies under Article 330 and Article 332 of the Indian Constitution.

• Right to Equality:

  • Articles 14, 15(4), and 16(4) ensure equality and permit affirmative action for the advancement of STs.

• Cultural and Educational Safeguards:

  • Article 29 and Article 30 provide STs the right to conserve their culture and establish educational institutions.
  • Article 46 directs the State to promote the educational and economic interests of STs.

• Special Administration Areas:

  • Articles 244 and 275 deal with the administration of Scheduled and Tribal Areas through the Fifth and Sixth Schedules.

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2. Educational Privileges

• Reservation in Educational Institutions:

  • Reserved seats in government-funded and private educational institutions for ST students.
  • Relaxation in minimum qualifying marks and age limits for admission.

• Scholarships and Financial Aid:

  • Pre-matric and post-matric scholarships for ST students.
  • Fellowships for higher education, such as the Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship.

• Hostel and Accommodation Facilities:

  • Special hostels and residential schools like Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS) for ST students.

• Free Education Initiatives:

  • Free textbooks, uniforms, and mid-day meals for ST students in government schools.

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3. Employment Privileges

• Reservation in Government Jobs:

  • 7.5% reservation in Central Government jobs for ST candidates.
  • Relaxation in age limits, examination fees, and minimum qualifying marks for competitive exams.

• Skill Development Programs:

  • Special training schemes to enhance employability among ST youth.

• Entrepreneurship Support:

  • Subsidized loans and support under schemes like the Stand-Up India initiative.

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4. Economic Benefits

• Subsidies and Financial Assistance:

  • Subsidies on loans, agriculture tools, and seeds.
  • Financial assistance for the development of small and medium enterprises.

• Land Rights and Forest Rights:

  • Protection under the Forest Rights Act, 2006, allowing STs to own, cultivate, and access forest lands.

• Special Development Projects:

  • Funds allocated under Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP) and Article 275(1) for socio-economic development.

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5. Social Welfare and Health Benefits

• Health Schemes:

  • Free or subsidized healthcare services under programs like Ayushman Bharat.
  • Mobile health clinics in tribal areas.

• Nutrition Support:

  • Special nutrition programs for women and children under ICDS (Integrated Child Development Scheme).

• Housing and Infrastructure:

  • Assistance for building houses under schemes like Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY).
  • Development of basic infrastructure in tribal villages.

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6. Legal Protections

• Protection from Atrocities:

  • Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 ensures protection from social discrimination, exploitation, and violence.

• Legal Aid:

  • Free legal services and representation for STs.

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7. Political Empowerment

• Autonomous Councils:

  • Special provisions under the Sixth Schedule for the formation of Autonomous District Councils in tribal areas of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram.

• Participation in Local Governance:

  • Reservation of seats in Panchayati Raj Institutions under the PESA Act, 1996 (Panchayats Extension to Scheduled Areas Act).

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8. Cultural Preservation

• Promotion of Tribal Languages and Arts:

  • Preservation and promotion of tribal languages, traditions, and crafts through various schemes.

• Support for Festivals and Traditions:

  • Financial and logistical support for tribal festivals and cultural events.

• Tribal Research Institutes (TRIs):

  • Establishment of research centers to document and preserve tribal heritage.

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9. Special Area Development

• Integrated Tribal Development Projects (ITDP):

  • Focus on holistic development in tribal-dominated areas.

• Mining and Royalty Rights:

  • Tribals receive a share in royalties and employment opportunities from mining projects in tribal areas.

• Infrastructure Support:

  • Electrification, drinking water supply, and road development in tribal areas.

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    These privileges aim to bridge the socio-economic and educational gap between tribal and non-tribal communities, ensuring inclusivity and equitable growth.